This guide is work in progress, but I wanted to share some of the things I learned going for all achievements. Let me know if anything is incorrect or you have additional details to add in the comments below! I will try to give credit as best as possible.

Generally, if you're unsure about a specific location, check the map that I uploaded at the end of the guide.

Excursion
Cover 50km.
Journey
Cover 200km.
Voyage
Cover 500km.

Killer
Kill 100 Enemies.
Psychopath
Kill 500 Enemies.
Genocide
Kill 1000 Enemies.

You probably won't have trouble getting these while completing the game.

Corpse
Die 100 times.
Carcass
Die 500 times.
Skeleton
Die 1000 times.

Once you've done everything else, just stand at a savepoint and tilt over repeatedly. It took about 5s per death for me, which means that you can get 300 deaths in about 25min. Do something else while this is going on.

Hunger
Kill A Hundred Hungry Beaks.
Loss
Kill A Long Lost Woodcrawler.
Misery
Kill A Caterpillar Made of Sadness.
Downfall
Kill a Gargantuan Swimcrab.
Sacrilege
Kill Pope Melva VIII.
Heresy
Kill the Two-Beak God.

You will unlock all of these by finishing the game, they are required for story progression.

Pack
Achieve a x6 combo.
Flock
Achieve a x12 combo.
Herd
Achieve a x16 combo.

There is an all-purpose farming spot in Where Chaos Plots, that will provide you with lots of money and combo-potential. However, getting there requires the dash ability. Where Chaos Plots is the cave where the Hectist gives you the hook ability. It's located in the northeast of Where Iron Caresses the Sky. Go all the way to the bottom right of the cave, and dash up a ledge. Note that the bird who guards it will not shoot you. Behind it is a convenient savepoint and a small room with 11 enemies inside. They won't shoot you either, even if you open fire. Note that combos in this game are basically a counter of how many shots have hit enemies before you touch the ground again. Missing a shot seems to give a penalty, but doesn't reset the counter entirely. IMPORTANT: Shooting dead enemies' bodies while they still have the red outline also counts towards combos!

Player
Play blackjack for the first time.
Gambler
Play blackjack 10 times.
Ludopath
Play blackjack 50 times.
Winner
Win 1000 viscera playing blackjack.

These are straightforward. If you really want to avoid playing actively, farm viscera first, then spam high bets for Winner and a few extra games for Ludopath. Note that you don't need a net win of 1000, so if you loose more viscera than you win, you'll still get the achievement.


Cook
Cook 10 times.
Cheff
Cook 50 times.
Cookbook
Discover all the recipes.

Keep shooting vending machines while you're out on the road. You can also buy ingredients from the gas stations, or Maniu in Where We Live. Maniu's stock seems to refill daily.
There are 4 types of ingredients (Filler, Flavour Bomb, Vending Juice, Military Supply). Every dish consists of 3 ingredients and any ingredient may be used multiple times. There are 4 dishes containing only a single ingredient type, 4 dishes with 3 different ingredient types, and 6 dishes with exactly 2 types. For the 2-type recipes, it does not matter which type you double.
Generally, which particular ingredient you choose of a given type is also irrelevant, with the exception of the first three entries in the cookbook:

Extra Spicy Taco: Ghost Pepper, Canned Corn, Blood Beans
Carajillo: Coffee Can x2, Mini-Whiskey
Sardines al Ajillo: Oily Sardines, Lemon, Red Garlic

See also Bohun's Community Post which has all recipes with pictures.

Creation
Remember when Puppy arrived.
Schooling
Remember your first shot.
Demise
Remember when Ava left.

These correspond to the quests chain Where We Used to live, Target practice, and Ava. They are located in the northern part of Where All Was Lost (Go up from Where Doom Fell, then head right along a long straight path), and in Where Our Bikes Growl. The third part of this quest is only available after you have brought Puppy back home.

Band
Reunite the Wastelanders.

There are 6 subquests to this, corresponding to the members of the band, Kai, Fogg, Rollo, Gusto, Han, Fernidu. You'll need to find Guitarstrings, Drumsticks, Sheet music, a flute brush, an Erhu string, and medicine for the singer. Most of these can be bought from the traveling merchant, the guitar strings are directly at the gas station east of Kai, the drumsticks are east of Fogg, just before the two "wheels" in Where Rust Weaves .

Empire
Take down all the memorial statues.

These can be seen on the map (both in-game and on the one I uploaded). There are 5 in total. Locations: The Hectist should be in an area if you haven't destroyed the statue there, making some comment about his notes on the statue. The following are the locations of the statues themselves.

• At the transition between the dark blue and purple sections of Where the Waves Die, right below the connection to Where our Bikes Growl, go all the way to the west.
  
• Where the Waves Die, northeast heading into Where Doom Fell.
  
• Where Doom Fell, central below the teleporter.
  
• Where Iron Caresses the Sky, just East of the teleporter.
  
• Where All Was Lost, far east, and north. Note that you can come here from below only after you have received the dash.

Vision
Reveal the full map.

Simply make sure to find the wanker in each region. The one that is initially called Where we Spy on Birds does not have a map, even in its later state .

Gift
Give Puppy all the treats.
Sound
Find all the cassette tapes.

Be vigilant and collect them from around the world, as well as from shops. Note that each gas station sells a different tape.

• The traveling snail merchant sells 2 toys for Puppy: Toy Bike and Handheld Console.
  
• The dream catcher is given to you by Dalia (you might need to give her the notebook from Maniu for her to do so).
  
• The tangerine tree can be found in Where All Was Lost.
  
• The book (Great-Great-Grandma's Novella) is in Where Doom Fell, southwest. You can only get there from Where Waves Die.
  
• The ukulele is obtained by finishing the Band.
  
• The Toy Animal is in Where All Was Lost, in the far northeast, past a statue.

Arsenal
Obtain all weapons.

Each weapon (apart from the Revolver and Crossbow) requires a blueprint and one special/unique ingredient.

• Shotgun: Blueprint: Given by Maya, Rusty Spring: Where Rock Bleeds, next to the teleporter inside the cave.
  
• Crossbow: always craftable, no special material
  
• Sniper Rifle: Blueprint: Where All Was Lost, on the stacked platforms above Where Rust Weaves, Magnifying glass: Where Doom Fell, requires Hook.
  
• Machine Gun: Blueprint: Where Our Ancestors Rest (come down the left side, at the end of a cave system, next to a savepoint), Titanium Plates: Where Waves Die, central platform on the left in the big cave.
  
• Rocket Launcher (needs dash): Blueprint: right of Where We Live, Missile: Where the Waves Die, on the top right platform.

Gun
Upgrade the Revolver to the highest level.
Shot
Upgrade the Shotgun to the highest level.
Bolt
Upgrade the Crossbow to the highest level.
Crosshair
Upgrade the Sniper Rifle to the highest level.
Machine
Upgrade the Machine Gun to the highest level.
Rocket
Upgrade the Rocket Launcher to the highest level.

Upgrade materials are separated by area. For example, bones are very common in Where Rock Bleeds, but don't appear elsewhere.


Armory
Craft all the weapon holsters.
Bowels
Craft all the viscera sacks.

No need for blueprints here.

Now that I'm committed to making this guide, I've created a map that shows (most of) the important items. As with the guide itself, it's WIP and I'm filling things in as I'm completing my second playthrough.

Unfortunately, the file is quite big, so Steam doesn't allow me to upload it directly.
Map of Laika: Aged through Blood (Imgur)[imgur.com]