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So in this guide we'll discuss on how Different star's die, But remember stellar death means, in its core When Hydrogen Exhausted and Iron Accumulate in its inner layers and can no longer use it as fuel to sustain Nuclear Fusion which powers the star. Then Scientists think it as Death of stars but this is not like common Death, After death of star it goes through many other forms or stages but in death, mortal being completely Lose its existence in general.

We know a Star forming region's cloud collapses and creates a Protostar and Gravity makes them Alive and Also become cause of their death. Star Gets his life power from its core where Fusion is continue and Releases Enormous amount of energy, this High energy tries to keep expanding the stars While Gravity Tries keep pushing inside of its core. Thus a star stays dangerously Balanced, Once their fuel exhausted They can no longer resist the power of gravity and Core Starts to collapse.

That was the General process in most of stars but This doesn't happens in all stars and they Choose different fate according to their properties eg. mass, burning rate etc.

Further you will read about every kind of star's death in Main Sequence. information is given in their Appropriate sections.

Well, Brown dwarfs are not a star but they emit their own light / Radiation in infrared or visible That's why they are star like objects but not star. First of all They Never die just Falls its temperature and glow, As the Time passes they shrinks, Their clouds change color and water and Ice starts accumulate on its atmosphere. You may be wonder the Oldest Brown Dwarf's Temperature is Very low than Freezing point of water.

This section was Not Added for some Reason During Its Making Period but I'm Adding Now.

It is one of the Brightest event and Star loses its most of Material. it is Mostly Categorised Two Sub Classes. Before We go further Firstly Let's Know about How long a Star can stay in Main Sequence phase.

So Imagine a Star which is about 20 Solar Masses

It will Fuse Hydrogen for 10 Million Years, Helium For 1 Million Years, Carbon For 1000 Years
Oxygen For 1 Years, Silicon For 1 Week and Iron will take Less Than a Day, Finally The Game is Over and Boom !

Here are 2 main types of Supernovae And The Brief Idea So that You can Distinguish Between them :


1. Weak Hydrogen Lines are in spectra.

2. Several Times Brighter than Type II Supernovae

3. No core Survives.

4. Occurs in Binary System Where either of the Member is a White Dwarf.

Type I Supernovae have some variants :

Type Ia : If in a binary system a Carbon oxygen White dwarf reaches to the Chandrasekhar limit (1.44), it has little to no hydrogen but excess of Carbon, Silicon, Calcium lines in their spectra.

Type Ib : Where one companion Star is 25 times massive than Sun. such stars usually lose their outer envelopes before Supernova.

Type Ic : This can occur when Two Massive Stars Merge but should have lose their envelope before collision.


1. Can Occur in Any massive Star.

2. Strong Hydrogen Lines.

3. Leaves a Core Which would Become Neutron Star or Black Hole.

A White dwarf is a remnant of a G, F, K (after Red giant phase) and Low mass A, B, and maybe M Class main sequence Star. when a red giant star Reaches its final stage of life, it rapidly loses outer atmosphere and plasma shells Like Evaporation Because it doesn't have sufficient gravity to hold them together. The ejecting outer portion Creates a planetary nebula. its core shrinks to a very small and dense point which was Several million kilometre. After entering white dwarf phase The core Glows by own Temperature and Spins, sometimes its gravitational field also create an accretion disk which swirls around the equator. in Some white dwarfs, jets have also observed. in about 10 Billion years The Spinning core of dead star will gradually lose its Rotation speed and Brightness and become a Black dwarfs which will made of Coal or diamond.

Here is The Main sequence class which Follow the Same Process :


These are our Sun like stars So they follow the Similar Path and Leave a White dwarf and planetary Nebula.


After Following The Same path like G - Stars They will create Planetary Nebula and Slightly Massive and Hot White Dwarf Because they are Little bit more powerful than G - Stars


These are less massive than previous Two Class so after Going through Red giant phase, They will create Nebula and Slightly Low mass White Dwarf


If these stars have low mass than 8 times of Sun They will go through the G - type Death style otherwise All Massive group will create a Black hole or Neutron star.






A distant view of planetary Nebula





a Close up

Neutron stars are core of Dead O, B, A class stars which were used to 1.4 - 8 times massive than our Sun . in case of large massive stars They Become Red Supergiant Star and Sometimes Due to Losing their Material These Supergiants Can Back to their Massive Blue Star phase or Even Wolf - Rayet Star Phase. When They Evolve as a Normal and young Star, their surface shines in blue color due to high Temperature.

In these star's blue giant phase, Their outer shell tends to expand in space By explosion of nuclear fusion and the Gravity tries to shrink the core very aggressively Than Low mass stars. When its all Fuel exhausted, Gravity takes control whole star's body and core begins to Implode and then its inner shell starts to shrink, this process causes the Whole star except core explode, We call this explosion Supernova or Nova or maybe kilonova depending on its power.


A blue Giant star Which is emitting its Gas and some plasma.

Tremendous energy Releases, just for comparison The amount of energy, Our Sun will produce in 100 years will equal to 1 second energy emission of supernova. they are very powerful and can destroy everything Which Comes on their way.

Here is the most believed mechanism to explosion :

Dying star experiences Two dangerous forces one is Gravity and another is Expansion, both are opposing forces but star will stable as long as it is fusing the elements. Immense gravity Squeezes the Stellar core and a Powerful shockwave generates which Tear apart the Outer shells and moves away in the space. A dying super massive Blue star keeps hidden its explosion for about 10 hours but emits charged high speed neutrinos in space. As soon as shockwave Slices the star and come outside, the star will explode with Tremendous energy creating a supernova. the outer material blows several light years away and create a nebula called supernova remnant.


Researches Shows that A neutron Star's Gravity is one Thousandth of a black hole. one interesting thing is They Can hunt other stars when they are enough close, By hunting a star their rotation speed doesn't Decrease and they can Sustain their neutron star phase, in other words they can kill other stars to keep themselves alive. if Such a Neutron Star start to eat other star, the stellar material accumulate in neutron star's accretion Disk and The Neutron star will gain its power again. By doing this it can avoid its death.

It has some Special Types Which are very common :



This type of neutron stars emit usually Two Radiation beams which may not be aligned with its
Rotation Axis, As the Neutron Star spins, one after one beam comes in front of us like a light house and creates twinkling effect on Neutron Star



If a Neutron star has 1000 times stronger magnetic field than a Regular Neutron star it will be called Magnetar. they have generally Longer rotation period about 5 to 10 seconds.


When a Neutron Star have both properties.




These Pulsar's Rotation period is less than around 10 milliseconds.


If a pulsar sucks its companion star's material and The Companion star has only 0.1 mass of the Sun left.


these are Accretion powered neutron Stars which emit X - Rays.


These Magnetars emit Large Bursts of Gamma Rays and X - Rays at Irregular time Periods.








A supernova Remnant




A neutron Star

Probably this is the most Interesting object in Today's Astronomy. Also they have a lot of Types
But We will be limited to stellar Black hole only.

So Everything Goes same as the neutron star's origin but in case If the Stellar Mass is More than 25 - 30 times of the sun then its gravity will be so powerful that it can crush its core even smaller than a Neutron Star, in fact its Ultra powerful gravity Compresses the Core smaller than the smallest particle Scientists call this singularity it is a very compact object which don't follow the Rules of Macro World and quantum world. Just think, a Finite amount of Mass is collapsed infinitely, Has Infinitely dense and posses infinite gravity. how its possible Well Scientists are finding its answer Maybe they have found and not allowed to Scatter this information publicly.



A typical Black hole

some Black holes have special structures Let's know more about them :


When Gas and dust or Stellar material attract by gravity towards black Hole it doesn't Fall in directly Instead it swirls around black hole. The falling material spins around it and create Centrifugal Force which don't let it fall in the black hole directly. The Rotating Acrretion disk particle magnetizes and Create a Magnetic field. Temperature Reaches Extremely high and matter particles Start to melt due to friction and Glows,That's why accretion disk is a Shiny thing.


When a Black hole try to suck more than its capacity its accretion disk Glows more, and also Temperature reaches at extreme, Then all the material near black Tries to go inside and all material in the backside tends to so. they get blocked, just like Traffic Jam, at some point the hot plasma can't rotate around the black hole and matters drag to its poles and Various Forces Generates and Whole System Explodes, Creates Highly Energized Streams of particles as jets. which make change in Stellar Forming region When They Reach there Because they Ionize those particles in such regions and helps to Birth of stars.


Do you see the Bright Circle of light Very near to its Event Horizon, if yes Its the point where light cannot escape from its gravity and Orbits around it.


This looks like a black ball, But its not a solid thing. it is black holes outer boundary. It appear black due to nothing can escape after crossing it break The connection from this universe, Even Light. it is like a Strong Invisible force field that can Pull inside everything.


This is the Biggest problem in Astrophysics, It was a Core of very large star which was about Several Billion Kilometre but now has shrunk to Very Dense and small point. However its gravity is as it was before. It has infinite gravity Which may not be true Because it was able to Swallow everything in space then There would no existence of accretion Disk and Jets, Everything Should have Go into black hole. it shows that it doesn't have Unlimited Gravity But Have a Magnificent Amount of Gravity Indeed.